PTSD Diagnostic Formulation in PE: The Case of Sarah

Associate Vice-Chair of Clinical Research, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University School of Medicine
Director, Emory Healthcare Veterans Program
Director, Emory Trauma and Anxiety Recovery Program
Paul A. Janssen Chair in Neuropsychopharmacology

Key Points

  1. Sarah’s case illustrates PTSD outside its common association with war veterans, highlighting the importance of a broadened understanding and approach to PTSD in clinical practice.
  2. Sarah’s traumatic childhood experience in Somalia, marked by violence and familial distress, was the precipitant for her long-term psychological struggles.
  3. Despite her resilience and adaptation to a new life in the U.S., Sarah’s persistent anxiety, social isolation, and reluctance to seek treatment exemplify the complex, often hidden impacts of trauma.
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Patient’s Presentation

The patient, referred to as Sarah, was selected to illustrate a less typical presentation of PTSD. The aim is to broaden the understanding of PTSD beyond its common association with war veterans. Sarah, a Somalia-born immigrant, arrived in the U.S. at age 10 and sought treatment at 35. She reported difficulty sleeping, feeling "spaced out and jittery," overwhelmed by loud noises, and experiencing nausea and lightheadedness. Sarah avoids rush hour travel on public transportation, keeps personal matters private, feels lonely, and is frequently tearful. She describes an overwhelming sense of fatigue, a potential indicator of depression. Sarah is socially isolated, maintaining little contact with her siblings in the U.S., denies substance use and depression.

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